Producing Documents in a Business Environment Essays

Producing Documents in a Business Environment Essays Producing Documents in a Business Environment Paper Producing Documents in a Business Environment Paper There are in electronic format but can be printed out in hand-outs if needed. C Memo This is short note or reminder to someone else within the business. They can be printed out, although in most cases they are sent within email. L] Business Email Email is now taken over from Faxes to being the fastest way for businesses to communicate with each other. Businesses use this because no matter what is said it is still seen as legally binding, like a letter would. C Fax Are still very popular in the business industry. If you havent got the required document in electronic aroma, then the quickest way to send a document is by fax. They are then printed out at the other end automatically. 1. 2 Describe different formats In which text may be presented There are many different formats in which text may be presented, for example, paragraphs, tables, columns, bullet points and adding headers and footers. There are also many different things you change to make the text look different, for example, the font, adding headings, font size, effects (italic, underline, bold) and the color. You can always tell which format a document is in by looking at the last part f the full file name. For example, the file name example. Txt has the file extension . Txt, which tells us that it is a text file. These files can be created in multiple applications: [l Text files (. Txt) These are created by simple text editors like Notepad and include simple characters. You can save a word processed document in this format although you will lose any special characters and formatting that are included. Another option is through a scanner. A scanner takes a copy of the original comments and saves it on the computer as a JEEP or PDF image file. You cannot change the image file without having the appropriate software installed. Once the appropriate software is installed on the system you can then change the image file to an editable word processing file and vice versa. There is also specialist input devices available that has voice recognition. The user talks into a headset or dictation machine connected to the computer/ laptop which converts what you are saying in to the word processor. Voice recognition devices are especially helpful for visually impaired users and seers who have difficulty in controlling the mouse or typing. 3. 1 Explain the benefits of agreeing the purpose, content, style, and deadlines for producing documents When documents are written or prepared, there is always a purpose. Almost always there is a certain layout that should be followed dependent on the purpose and there most certainly be a deadline. Therefore all these aspects need to be taken into account and agreed with your manager/boss. Once agreed you will then know what type of document should be produced and when the document is required. By having this information you can then reduce the document to your manager/boss expectations without any errors. By having an agreement it reduces the time it takes for the document to be produced, as you have a clear indication of what is required. If no agreement was made then the chances are that you have to produce multiple documents beforehand and duplicate work that you have already done. 3. Outline different ways of organizing content needed for documents Before you start work on a document there are some fundamental questions that you should ask yourself: CLC Who is the document intended for, is it an individual, a group of specific people or for the general public? D What type of document is it, formal or informal? Once these are answered you then need to think about: L] The purpose of the document C] The content of the document C] The layout of the document C] How lon g should the document be How the finished document is organized and presented will depends on what the documents is to be used for. Therefore before being produced all the above point should be agreed with originator and updated regularly to make sure the finished document is fit for purpose. 3. Outline ways of integrating and laying out text and non-text Text and non- text can be easily integrated in most word processors. For example Microsoft Word allows you to insert pictures/clip art, tables and graphs. Word also gives you various options for you to lay it out in desired way, E. G Wrap text around, when placing an image in the document and you dont want a gap between the words and the picture. Microsoft also has other applications that you could use, for example Excel and Powering, which allows you to make spread sheets and slides. There are numerous ways of laying out a document. For example you could set it out in columns, use graph CICS, blocks of text, headings and change the background. Many businesses have a set format to how you should lay documents out so it incorporates their logo and color scheme. They also normally have a specific font and font size that they use. 3. Describe ways of checking finished documents for accuracy, including spelling, grammar and punctuation and correctness, and the purpose of doing so When you have finished the document you should review and check it thoroughly before making it available to the public or submitting it for assessment. It is always a good idea to get an available colleague to read through the document, because you dont always see your own mistakes in a document you have written. While composing a document you should alw ays make sure that your word processor has the spellchecker and grammar check options are turned on and set to the relevant language. With these options turned on the document is constantly being checked as it is being produced, with the option to check the whole document again when required. Although spellchecker are not totally correct, as if you type in a different word than the one required, it will not correct you. Therefore you still need to proof read all work. You need to check for accuracy and correctness as the document needs to be clear and easy to understand for the intended recipient. The documents are also a reflection of the business image therefore any mistakes sent to customers could make the business look unprofessional. . 5 Explain the purpose of storing documents safely and securely, and ways of doing so Any document that is stored whether minor or major importance needs to be stored securely and safely and following the business policies and procedures. There are various ways that documents can be stored, mainly digital storage and physical storage depending on the needs of the document in the future. Digital storage includes: on the business computer, flash drives and in secure external hard drives. Many businesses now back up their data automatically to external hard drives, whenever a change is made, to avoid loss Of work due to power cuts or computer crashes. Physical storage is normally in locked, fireproof filing/archiving cabinets. All documents that are stored have to abide by the Data Protection Act. 3. 6 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection when preparing comments Confidentiality is very important to remember when in a business environment as in many cases the business deals with a lot of private data.

Decision Making Model,Tool or Technique essays

Decision Making Model,Tool or Technique essays In "Psychotherapy of traumatic grief: A review of evidence for psychotherapeutic treatments", Jacobs and Prigerson present the concept of Traumatic Grief as a new diagnostic disorder and predict future studies will conclude a specific, tailored therapy will prove most effective in future Citing a January 1997 expert panel discussion, the authors contend that controlled samples of bereved study participants consitantly demonstrated symptoms of separation distress (yearning, searching for the deceased, excessive lonliness) mirror symptoms of Traumatic distress (thoughts about the deceased, fragmented sense of trust and security, etc.) Since these symptoms fail to respond to "interpersonal psychotherapy" or antidepressants, the 1997 panel concluded the symptoms justified diagnostic criteria for Traumatic Grief. Given these facts and Prigerson's current work to colloct data to aid in the diagnosis and definition of this disorder, the authors offer a synopsis of psychotherapeutic treaments for studies Since Traumatic Grief is concluded by the authors to be a type of Separation Anxiety disorder, they first reviewd clinal trials of of cognitive behavioral therapy of childeren diagnosed with SAD. ...

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

None - Essay Example The third factor as seen in the movie, appeal to pity takes place when an individual tries to endorse a conclusion by evoking sympathy or pity from the listener or reader (Damer 19). From the movie, twelve angry men; characteristics of critical thinking are diverse. Critical thinking process entails a deep thought process that requires a person to remain attentive to the issue at hand by focusing on the process from argumentation to summary. A person needs to exercise self-reflection so that they question and test their own thinking ability or process. Any form of critical thinking aims to tackle the issue at hand and remains attentive to a specific topic. In turn, the process focuses on identifying biases, strengths, weaknesses, personal opinion, and their influence on concepts or ideas (Damer 32). After careful evaluation of the issues, an individual gives his or her perception about what they think. Therefore, features of critical thinking

Genre and The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genre and The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example But I am sure that everything comes to be even much more simpler than it seems to be and that there are less hidden senses in this story than it is considered to be. At first glance the story described in the "Yellow Wallpaper" is quite typical for the 19th century. As a basis it describes "female hysteria" treating practice – the method invented by Dr. Mitchell, who believed that depression was brought on by too much mental activity (Dock, 61). It seems that from his point of view women were considered to be helpless creatures with delicate health, unable to make critical evaluation of reality. So, following the recommendations of Dr. Mitchell, heroine`s husband makes her to practice  «rest cure » (treatment by rest). After each meal he makes her to have a rest lying down for an hour. He forbids his wife to practice any intellectual work more than two hours a day. For the heroine of the story this course of treatment became to be a disaster. Soon she got a nervous breakdown, having no opportunity to work both physically and mentally. In such circumstances, unfortunate heroine of the story being locked in a room with yellow wallpaper and bolted-down bed unbearable went mad. She became lost in delusions with no sense of reality, dreaming that it was she that trapped woman in the wallpaper. Investigators consider, that from the Gilman`s point of view â€Å"rest cure† method focuses on attempt to destroy woman’s creativity: by forcing the narrator to give up her writing, her husband hopes to calm down her anxious nature making her to act according to her ideal wife and mother position. It comes that society doesn`t ready to accept woman’s desire to have more in her life than her husband and child. The desire to stay creative and socially active is the point which distinguished woman from the idealized standard. Thus, Gilman criticized not just the dependent position of women in society, but also the method of the

Janis Joplin Essay Example for Free

Janis Joplin Essay Perhaps Ralph Waldo Emerson was right and may as well have referred to Janis Joplin as he was saying this quotation had he lived during Joplin’s time. With her death at a young age of 27, it had been a short-lived life the musical genius Janis Joplin had. We may not know whether or not her cousins can tell nothing about her but her life deserves to be relived and I am here to write about it. A look into the context in which she lived will help give a better understanding of how the course of her life was influenced and came to be the way it was. Janis Joplin is one of the most prominent individuals in the 1960s, an era considered to be a revolution of sorts. Beginnings On the morning of January 19, 1943, Janis Lyn was born to be the eldest child of Seth and Dorothy Joplin. It was years later that she would have younger siblings Michael and Laura making them a middle-class family composing of five members. Growing up in an industrial town called Port Arthur in Texas crowded with oil refineries, chemical plants, factories, and rows of oil-storage tanks with fumes hanging in the air, it wasn’t the best place to satisfy the brilliant and inquisitive little Janis as there wasn’t much room for activities and recreations. Although that was the case, she did well in school, having a great interest and aptitude for reading and painting. As a child, she already had a reputation for singing as one of the soloists in their church choir. According to one of her friends, she had been popular in Port Arthur as a talented and cute little girl. Janis considered her childhood as relatively pleasant. It was only at the age of fourteen, as confessed in many of her various interviews, that she felt like the world turned on her. That was the time she gained weight and had acne problems, problems which meant most than anything for teenagers. The eventual lost of her looks coincided badly with her entry to the highschool world where the popular girls were the ones with good looks and Janis just fell behind (Echols, 2000). While at the Thomas Jefferson highschool, Janis took rejection by heart (Amburn, 1993). Used to having attention on her, she started acting out and whilst she began to receive attention, she even emphasized her being different. She was determined to keep the attention on her even if it was a negative one. She became a beatnik girl who would flaunt her eccentric clothes ranging from above-the-knee skirts, black or purple tights coupled with liking unconventional and ‘different’ liberal arts and music. As Echols put it, â€Å"she was bent on becoming an eyesore, an affront to everything the townspeople believed in. Indeed, Janis was eager to defy as many social conventions as she could. This made her parents unhappy- â€Å"she just changed totally, overnight† quoting her mother Dorothy. As an underage girl, her defiant attitude was too much that one incident happened involving the police after she took a ride with her male friends who were overage. This made her even more the topic of talks and gossips around their Pleasantville of a town. She was much into music and drinking, acting as if these two things are wedded. And this always gets her into trouble. She was often sent to the counselor’s office for misbehavior and drinking (Echols, 2000). Her parents were baffled and felt helpless. Joplin’s rebellious proclivity was unwavering, she just wanted to be different and be free to express herself. Little did they know that Janis’ rebellious actions symbolize the beginning of an inevitable social revolution and an â€Å"emerging generation gap† that was about to come(Echols, 2000). The fact was: it wasn’t just Joplin; it was going to be a collective movement. The Sixties was well on its way. The Sixties†, as it is often used in popular culture by some journalists, historians and other academes, has seen many varied influential and transforming trends in culture and ideologies which can be described as nothing less than exciting, powerful, radical and even rebellious. It was a time when people are trying to break free from the rigid and conformist social norms and social constraints in search for individual freedom (Booker, 1970). It could be said that this period of history has a great impact on Janis Joplin and further influenced not only her genius but how her entire life turned out. Musical Inclination Music would eventually become a passion for Joplin. Aside from singing in their local church choir, Janis developed her musical interest further after befriending a group of outsiders as a teenager. She and this gang would listen and idolize African-American Blues artists such as Leadbelly whose album was the first she claimed she ever purchased (Echols, 2000). During highschool she continued listening to blues music and listened to other blues artists like Bessie Smith, Big Mama Thornton and Odetta. And even later on, she will begin singing blues and folks songs together with some friends, imitating the artists’ husky yet soulful voices. Amburn, 1993). She always had a gut feel about her singing ability but it wasn’t until she imitated Odetta and performed one of her songs which stunned her friends that she she confirmed, she indeed â€Å"has a voice. † Her early efforts included playing in coffee houses in their small town. Talent, Notoriety and Fame In 1963, she left for San Francisco and found herself residing in North Beach. She also ventured to other places like Venice, the Village, New York and Haight-Ashbury acquiring further experiences and experimenting on her music and creativity. It wasn’t just a year ago that she started taping her first song at a friend’s house and a year after she would record more songs with her friends Jorma Kaukonen and Martha Kaukonen providing her accompaniments. An album called Typewriter tape will be released containing seven tracks including â€Å"Long Black Train Blues,† â€Å"Nobody Knows You When Youre Down and Out,† â€Å"Typewriter Talk,† Kansas City Blues,† â€Å"Trouble In Mind,† â€Å" Hesitation Blues,† and â€Å"Daddy, Daddy, Daddy† . As the Sixties progress, various movements are emerging from the left and right. The counterculture and social revolution was spreading. A popular term emerged as the hippies, a youth movement characterized strongly by a shift towards a more liberated society. It includes the questioning groups created a movement toward liberation in society, including sexual revolution, questioning of authority and government, fighting for the freedom and rights of the marginalized groups including Negroes, women, homosexuals, and minorities. The use of marijuana, heroine, LSD and various others drugs and listening to psychedelic music were also rampant. Janis would not be left behind and took part in these movements. Joplin’s waywardness continued well into those years. Around that time, she increased her drug use and took on a reputation as a frequent heroine user and a thrill-freak (Amburn, 1993). She was also heavy on alcohol and other intoxicants and even engaged in sexual high. In 1965, she was described as skeletal, even emaciated due to the effects of her amphetamine use (Amburn, 1993). For some time, she was convinced by her friends to become sober and to refrain from drug use. An old friend and then manager Chet Helms of a group called Big Brother was attracted by Joplin’s bluesy voice. On June 4, 1966, Joplin officially joined the band. Their first public performance was in San Francisco at the Avalon Ballroom. Her drug use was kept at bay with the help of her friends who she lived within a communal apartment (Friedman, 1992). They signed a deal with Mainstream Records on the 23rd of August of 1966. A year after, the band released their debut album by Columbia Records. Joplin and her band gradually gained fame after several follow-up performances including those in Monterey Pop Festival, appearances in television such as The Dick Cavett Show. She received positive reviews from various magazines labelling her as a powerful singer and a staggering woman of rock and roll. Eventually, she would leave the Big Brother band and went for a solo career and would later form a band called the Kozmic Blues and another group, which she would call her as her own called the Full Tilt Boogie Band. After breaking up again with the band, she recorded several songs which would be released after her death and would become the highest-selling album of her career. It included the best hit single †Me and Bobby McGee†, a cover of Kris Kristofferson’s who had been her ex-lover. Janis Joplin died on October 4, 1970 at the age of 27 years. Legacy Janis Joplin can be considered as the Queen of Rock and Roll in the late 1960s. She was a music icon which would influence the music scene in the years to come. She was an established female star who had success in a male-dominant music scene. Fans and musical experts alike would consider her songs as immortal and contiunes to influence modern day music and artists. She also made contributions to the fashion industry. The way she dressed herself had been another avenue for her self-expression. In interview after interviews, she would update the media of her latest fashion statement from her clothes, to her hair styles, hair accessories, body decorations, and body accessories. She would also affect the movie industry influencing and inspiring movie directors, actors and actresses such as Better Midler especially in the 1979 film entitled The Rose which would garner her an academy nomination for her performance as Janis Joplin. Other films were also produced based on her life including Gospel According to Janis. A musical play was composed in the 1990s, which will then win a praise and be lauded together with the outstanding performances of the artists who would play Janis. She would also receive posthumous awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievment and the induction to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the arts, some of her personal artifacts including the Porsche she owned were displayed in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Musuem Exhibition which will serve as a testimony to the psychedelic era dubbed as â€Å"The Summer of Love- Art of the Psychedelic Era†. This made people reminisce to that nostalgic and definitely not-forgotten era of the human history. Truly, Janis Joplin was a genius not only of her time but her genius continues to live and influence various industried today.

death or dying Essay -- essays research papers fc

Photographs of Death or Dying; Are They Necessary It has been said that, it would be a good thing if newspapers published more photographs of death and dying. There are many reasons why people say that photographs of dead and or dying people should or should not be published by newspapers. For example, some people say that pictures of people dying should be published in newspapers because death is a huge part of life. While members of the opposition state that death should remain private, and it should not be published, especially in a newspaper. The argument for or against publishing pictures of death will be disputed forever, however, I believe that photographs of death are appropriate, and I will argue why I believe in the publishing of photos of death or dying. I believe that photographs of death or dying should very well be available for the to observe. Death is an inevitable part of life, it is going to happen, regardless of whether or not one wants it to occur. If death is a part of everyone’s life, why shouldn’t it be published? Perhaps if death were published in newspapers or magazines people would become less afraid of it because they know what death entails. Nora Ephron states â€Å"Death happens to be one of life’s main events. And it is irresponsible- and more than that, inaccurate- for newspapers to fail to show it† (Ephron 113). This quote is evidence that there are others that feel the same way as I do about this topic. Death is a part of life, and it should be av...

Do Children Have False Memories

Citing relevant research, state and explain your opinion of the reliability of the testimony of a 5 year old child who accuses an adult of serious sexual abuse. It’s very easy to look at children’s testimony from a psychologist or a researcher’s perspective, but how would we respond if we were faced with a situation where a 5 year old child is accusing an adult of serious sexual abuse?Would we be quick to dismiss the strong accusation or would we examine the possibility of this event. In this essay evidence for and against the reliability of children’s testimony is evaluated, especially considering a delicate matter such as sexual abuse. It will start by outlining what developmental and cognitive psychologists have discovered to date about children’s memory capacity and how it differs from that of adults; then the focus will shift to literature on sexual abuse.Memory or remembering operates like any other aspect of development studied, its developme nt is gradual, and this goes to say that children without doubt, don’t possess the same ability to remember as adults. The digit span for memory seems to increase with age, so for example a child of 3yrs will remember about 2 words and a child of 4 will remember 3 words from a presented list of word, and these are likely to be the last words (recency effect( Meadows,1986).There are three areas of memory that seem to show improvement in children as we progress through development: basic capacity, the amount of information that can be remembered in STM, children will develop strategies that will help transfer information into LTM and finally they will also have greater world knowledge; which means a greater context allowing for the integration of new information, therefore new memories. (Meadows, 1986) There are many reasons why children show these deficits in memory.One of them is because they lack meta-cognition, basic beliefs and knowledge about memory, its dynamics, which i s fundamental for understanding how information is learned. Children clearly don’t possess this meta-cognitive awareness to monitor past experiences and performance to update resource allocation strategies. (Castel, Humphreys, Lee, Balota and McCabe, 2011) This previous paragraphs were to convey the fact that children do have distinct abilities compared to adults, this tells us that their recall for witnessed events might lack in accuracy.When we ask a child to give testimony for witnessing an event we are asking them to access their autobiographical memory, which includes a sketchy version of personal memories and experiences, diluted from all unnecessary details. This type of memory is highly subject to biases in attempting to maintain continuity and it often doesn’t follow the temporal frame. Can children accurately recall events that they experience in the past accurately or do they often develop false memories of events that never took place? Some studies show tha t children as young as 5 can remember events quite well even after a period of delay preceding recall. Flin, Boon, Knox and Bull (1992) gave children a talk on how to keep their feet clean, while the talk was happening an assistant staged tripping over and knocking over a side carousel. Recall was taken the day after the talk and 5 months later, similar to court proceedings. There was no relation found between age and amount of information recalled the following day, children age 6 recalled 17/ 26 items and adults recalled 18/26 items. However Flinn et al found that 5 months later 6 yr olds recall had decreased by 40 %.This study shows that children can remember quite well, however those memories are not fully stored in LTM . This event however isn’t a real life event neither is it of distressing nature like most events children are called to testify for in court cases. This could justify the high recall even for the younger children. Research by Goodman, Hirschman, Hepps and Rudy (1991); Peterson and Whalen (2001) and many more agree that children can actually remember stressful events very well and without doubt sexual abuse of any kind is a stressful enough situation which victims should remember well.Children can give accurate testimony following sexual victimisation, supported by evidence from allegations and high rate of omission errors instead of reporting unsupported events, (Birdrose & Goodman, 2000) More interestingly research has shown that children can easily develop false memories, known as memories of events that never took place (Loftus, 2004). A good example was -the Mc Martin trial . In this controversial trial a school teacher was accused of ritually abusing children.The charges against the teacher were eventually dropped, as some of the children recalled very ambiguous events, such as being taken on an helicopter to a far away farm to witness a horse while it was beaten. It is believed that they were suggestively interviewed and then developed enough details to make these become real memories. (Schreiber et al, 2006). Prevalence information can strongly influence children’s recall, it seems that children start by considering whether the event is plausible, then proceed to develop thoughts and images about the events, which at that point become mistaken for real memories.In an experiment Otgaar, Candel, Merckelbach and Wade (2009) exposed children age 7-8 and age 11-12 to a description of a real past experience and also that of a false past experience. The real experience was the child’s first day at school; the false one was a description of being abducted by an UFO, prevalence was given by giving them an article about the commonality of UFO abductions. The results showed that children again remembered accurately the real event, this is consistent with (Flin et al, 1992. ; some even were convinced they had been abducted, some even reported things not present in the story; such as being transported by a beam of blue light, clearly indicating formation of a false memory. 70% of younger children remembered being abducted. We cannot totally conclude that children’s memory for bizarre events is always false; however we can say that they can easily develop false memories for implausible events, this is more noticeable in younger child This still isn’t sufficient to answer the question of the reliability of a 5 yr old accusing an adult of abuse.Research suggests that children place an important emphasis on script like representations, basically representations of how events are connected in a stereotypical way, based on prior knowledge of everyday activities, they may use this scripts to fill in details of events even when they are not part of the story, ( Mc Shane 1991). When a child is required to provide eye-witness accounts of what happened during an episode, even when it’s not as severe as sexual abuse, they need to be able to separate that instance from th at in which they are questioned, things they have maybe seen and when they had spoken about it for the first time. Lloyd, Doydum and Newcombe, 2009), psychologist fear they are unable to do this. There is a great influence of prior knowledge on free recall, cued recall, recognition memory and source memory; sometimes children may rely on gist to make conclusions. Odegard, Cooper, Lampinen, Reyna and Brainard (2009) carried out an experiment where children attended 4 thematic birthday parties of fictional characters and were later interviewed regarding the events that took place, some which were generic and some which were specific to the theme of the party.When interviewed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) protocol, older children did better than the younger ones at providing both thematic and generic events for the parties, this could be explained by the fact that they possess knowledge of the script of parties and they used this to reconstr uct what happened; however this also led them to make more thematic source errors. It was also found that 45% of 5-6 year olds reported events that didn’t happen or mixed them up between the parties they attended.This is consistent with the previous study in that younger children made more mistakes; Nonetheless this cannot tell us how can a five year old wrongly accuse someone of something they have never heard of or even seen, they don’t posses schemas for these neither do they know whether it’s good or bad. Or how can they develop a false memory of an act of sexual abuse unless they had experienced it. Leander, Christianson and Granhag (2007) examined the eyewitness of 8 children between the ages of 3-10, who had been sexually abused by an unfamiliar perpetrator who was the same in all cases.They focused on the amount and type of information remembered and denial of the assault. The documentation of children’s testimony was found to be consistent with t he confession of the perpetrator, picture evidence, medical examination and police evidence. They found that most children reported things that preceded the abuse and that only 21. 5% of what they reported was of the sexual act, the remaining was neutral information. They youngest child age 3 didn’t say much about both post and pre-abuse factors and only mentioned one fact of sexual nature.The rate of denial and reluctance to report the act was high especially amongst younger children. In this case it was easier to believe that the abuse occurred because there were multiple victims, and enough evidence to give credibility to the children’s testimony. We can imagine that a five year old would not come to an adult saying’ I have been sexually abused’, they probably never eared those terms neither do they know the meaning. This is to say that testimony of abused children may be disconnected often not including any sexual facts, but we shouldn’t be too quick to discard it.Hershkowits and Lanes (2007) found that younger children who don’t understand the concept of abuse are better able to disclose information as they are unlikely to have feelings of guilt and don’t understand the severity of abuse in society. Over the years there has been extensive work on interviewing techniques, Psychologists have developed interviewing techniques to effectively extrapolate information from children, therefore interviewing the child can reveal whether testimony is true or false. Children’s description of real events differs from that of false events.In Hershkowitz (1999) children describing events that really happened provided longer and richer responses to open-ended prompts rather than focused ones. Children who are providing implausible accounts tend to rely of the suggestions of the interviewer and elaborate on them. The study also showed that younger children were more likely to recall implausible false events compared to older ones, so maybe false memories are not only created on the basis of event plausibility; perhaps if a 5 year old was giving a false account of abuse they would exhibit such characteristics.Holcomb and Jacquin (2007) mock sexual abuse trial revealed that the defendant was more likely to be found guilty when a by stander witness was present, unlike when a victim-witness was present; however jurors were more likely to believe young children. Research also shows that children find it difficult to discuss having been sexually abused; many will go through phases of secrecy, helplessness and retraction (Summit, 1983). If a child manages to disclose it, we should assume that there should be a degree of truthfulness if not why go through with it.Sometimes their testimony is characterised by retractions, which throw investigations into chaos and have two meanings: repairing a false allegation or preventing the consequences when it’s true. In a recent court trial Steven Barker, t he step father of Peter Connelly also known a ‘Baby P’ was accused of sexually abusing his 2 yr old sister. The girl disclosed this information to her step mother at the age of 4, the delay might suggest that some details of the could be omitted.The child was subject to very hard questioning and although the jury were divided due to her denial of the act on several accounts, it was proven that she was a victim. Coming to a conclusion isn’t as easy as it could seem and this gives just a brief insight to what jurors are often faced with in court trials that involve young victims of sexual abuse. The most important thing is that the ability to remember of a five yr old should never be taken for granted especially for something as severe as sexual abuse.The evidence shows that can remember stressful events, even with delay, but majority don’t report sexual details, are prone to suggestibility, and can develop false memories. None the less it’s very impr obable that a child, who has never seen nor eared of sexual abuse and hasn’t been fed with the wrong information by parents or even through suggestive interview would confess of having been a victim of sexual abuse. It is better to acknowledge children’s testimony and weight up the evidence. REFERENCES Bidrose, S. & Goodman, G. S. (2000).Testimony and evidence: A scientific case study of memory for child sexual abuse. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14,  197-213. Castel, A. D. , Humphreys, K. L. , Lee, S. S. , Galvan, A. , Balota, D. A. , & McCabe, D. P. (2011). The development of memory efficiency and value-directed remembering across the life span: A cross-sectional study of memory and selectivity. Developmental Psychology,  47(6), 1553-1564. Flin, R, Boon, J. , Knox, A. And Bull, r. (1992) The effect of a five month delay on children’s and adults, eyewitness memory.British Journal of Psychology, 83 Goodman, G. S. , Hirschman, J. E. , Hepps, D. H. , &Rudy, L . (1991). Children’s memory for stressful l events. Merril Palmer Quarterly, 37, 109–158. Hershkowitz, I. , Lanes, O. , & Lamb, M. E. (2007). Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse & Neglect,  31(2), 111-123. Hershkowitz, I. (1999). The dynamics of interviews involving plausible and implausible allegations of child sexual abuse. Applied Developmental Science,  3(2), 86-91. Holcomb, M.J. , & Jacquin, K. M. (2007). Juror perceptions of child eyewitness testimony in a sexual abuse trial. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse,  16(2), 79-95. Loftus, E. F. (2004). Memories of things unseen. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13,145–147. Lloyd, M. E. , Doydum, A. O. , & Newcombe, N. S. (2009). Memory binding in early childhood: Evidence for a retrieval deficit. Child Development,  80(5), 1321-1328. Leander, L. , Christianson, S. , & Granhag, P. (2007). A sexual abuse case study children's memories a nd reports.Psychiatry, Psychology And Law,  14(1), 120-129. Meadows, S. (1986). Understanding Child Development. London: Century Hutchinson Ltd. McShane, J. (1991). Cognitive development: . An information processing approach. Cambridge, MA, US: Basil Bruckwell. Otgaar, H. , Candel, I. , Merckelbach, H. , ; Wade, K. A. (2009). Abducted by a UFO: Prevalence information affects young children's false memories for an implausible event. Applied Cognitive Psychology,  23(1), 115-125. Odegard, T. N. , Cooper, C. M. , Lampinen, J. M. , Reyna, V. F. , & Brainerd, C. J. (2009).Children's eyewitness memory for multiple real-life events. Child Development,  80(6), 1877-1890. R. C. Summitt,† The child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome†, Child abuse and Neglect, Vol 7, 2, P. 177-193. Schreiber, N. , Bellah, L. D. , Martinez, Y. , McLaurin, K. A. , Strok, R. , Garven, S. , et al. (2006). Suggestive interviewing in the McMartin Preschool and Kelly Michaels daycare abuse cases: c ase study. Social Influence, 1, 16–47. Tully, B. (2002). The evaluation of retractions in sexual abuse cases. Child Abuse Review,  11(2), 94-102. doi:10. 1002/car. 728

Family Essay

1. Describe 5 different types of familiesA family is a group of people living in a household together either by reason of marriage, blood relation or adoption. Families are the reason for creating today’s society. This is because in a family, people are created and brought into the world, cared for, and given the correct tools to survive in life.There are five different types of families, which are as follows:I. Nuclear Family: The nuclear family is a family that consists of a mother, father, and their child/children. In most cases, the parents in a nuclear family are married. An alternative name for a nuclear family is an elementary family.II. Extended Family: The extended family expands wider than the nuclear family. This is because it consists of grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living either nearby or in the same household.III. Single Parent: A single parent is when a parent lives without their spouse, leaving them with most of the responsibilities to raise the chi ld/children on their own. A single parent is usually considered the primary person who takes care of the child. In some cases due to divorces or separation, the child lives with their primary parent, but is given the privileges of visiting the residence of their noncustodial parent, meaning the parent who does not have complete custody over their child. In this case, the noncustodial parent is most likely to be the father of the child. Single parenting has been caused by many reasons in today’s society, which include:Death of a partner.Child abuse.Neglect.Divorce.Adoption, when the adoptive parent does not have a partner/spouse.IV. Blended Family: A blended family or sometimes called a â€Å"step family† is a relationship when both spouses have been married before and have remarried again, which sometimes lead to a child being brought into the marriage from the past relationship.V. Foster Family: Foster means to help someone grow  and develop. A foster family is two adults that take care of one or more children that belong to other parents. This action is usually called adoption.2. What are the rights and responsibilities of family members?A right is something that people are entitled to. A responsibility is the opportunity to work independently and make your own decisions without being told what to do. Being a part of a family imposes rights and responsibilities on each family member that must be taken seriously. The overall rights and responsibilities of family members are essentially to look after the house and to take care of each other. The responsibilities of the parents are very critical.This is because a parent is supposed to feed, clothe, shelter, educate and provide a safe and comfortable living environment for their child/children. The rights of parents are to interact with their souls mates especially through tough times when they need someone to talk to. Overall, parents should provide companionship for each other. Similarly, child ren also have responsibilities, which include performing the chores that their parents give them to do.These chores can include cleaning, assisting with cooking and looking after younger siblings or other family members. Children also have the responsibility to be respectful and obedient to their parents. The right of a child is to be able to request some things that can be valuable to them from their parents. Perhaps most importantly, the joint responsibilities and rights of all family members are to ensure that the home is a safe and loving environment.3. How does social pressure affect the family?Social Pressures are the combined pressures that surround individuals during everyday life. Examples of social pressure are Peer Pressure, and Academic Pressures. Social Pressures can be confusing and stressful. Despite the strain, these are common pressures that families are normally faced with, especially in the teenaged life. Social pressure affects the family because if not properly managed, it can cause family members to make poor choices, which can lead to the family breaking apart, someone being taken away from the family, or in a worst case scenario, death.Social pressure with the big impact of it, sometimes lead family members into taking drugs trying to relieve their stress. Social pressure can lead up to death in various occasions. This reason is caused mostly because of the pressure that is placed on an individual, forcing them into taking dangerous medication or hanging themselves which leads to death. Many people turn to drugs or alcohol to relieve themselves from pressure. Other social pressure that people are affected by is unemployment or a general lack of finances.In this case it can force a family member to start stealing and committing robbery in attempt to provide for their family members. This can affect the family because it usually leads to person being remanded to prison for several years. Imprisonment of a parent automatically causes the d ynahousehold to become a single parent family and When it comes to the family members trying to fix their problems with alcohol or drugs, this can normally lead up to addictions.In reference from pastor Philip Stubs, he states that social pressure affects a family unit primarily by way of supplanting the family time that is essential for the nature of the family unit. The competition with the family time, from various social events, projects or circumstances results in individual family members opting to reduce their involvement with their family and instead investing their time, money, and emotional energy in societal events, resulting the family unit being weekend. †4. Divorce has been one of the causes of the change in the Bahamian family Structure. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons to support you answer.Before answering this question it is first and most important that we understand what is divorce. â€Å"Therefore what God has joined together, let no man separate. à ¢â‚¬ (Mark 10:4) â€Å"Now to the married, yet not I but the Lord: A wife is not to depart from her husband. But even if she does depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband. And a husband is not to divorce his wife. † (1 Corinthians 7:10-11). In the â€Å"Oxford Student’s Dictionary,† a divorce is the legal ending of a marriage. An online dictionary, â€Å"Datasegment.  com,† refers to a divorce as a legal dissolution of a marriage contract by a court or other body having competent authority.I agree, divorce has been one of the causes of the change in the Bahamian family structure. I then questioned Pastor Stubs on his view of the question. Pastor stubs agreed as well, he stated that â€Å"Of course the Bahamian family structure has also been defined by single parents who have never been married. While many single parents continue to lead excellent households, the best model for a family is the one in which a married man and woma n work together as a team and lead the household and family.I then questioned pastors from my church, Abundant Life Church where Pastor O’Neil Russel along with Pastor Gil. gave their view about the question. They too agreed with the statement. The pastors said that â€Å" Indeed, divorce has been one of the major causes of the change in the Bahamian family structure. As a nation, the Bahamas has been founded upon biblical principles. The biblical model for the family is for a husband and wife to be living together in a godly marriage which, as a result, produces children which ought to be brought up in the fear and admonition of the Lord.However, when a divorce occurs there is a disorting of what the family structure ought to look like. The structure is different when a husband and wife are not living together and this structure produces problems in the homes with the children as well as with society as a whole. In the Bahamas, there have been many divorces and as a result the basic family structure is deficient in function and effectiveness when it comes to our society.5. To what extent does the change in the Bahamian family structure lead to the many social problems in our society todayIt is very important to understand first that every family makes up today’s society. The change in the Bahamian family structure is highly responsible for the many social ill in our country say’s pastor Gil. This is especially the case when it comes to young men. Most of the social problems in our society are being committed by young men. These young men do not have any sense of identity, direction, or purpose in life.When the young men decide to take part in criminal activity, it always ends up in to a family losing a loved one. In the Bahamian society today, many residents complain about the men who are doing the crime not being brought up properly in their homes. The reason being for that problem is because of the fact that there is no father figure i n the hose hold. This is the job for their fathers. When a father does not live up to his responsibility in the lives of his children, he causes problems with their identity.They are not given the discipline, love, acceptance, and direction that God has designated the father to introduce to them and thus they turn to other vices or persons to the detriment of their lives. The intake of this question from Rev. Philip Stubbs was very straight forward to the question too as well. Rev. Stubbs said that â€Å" In our society the family is the most foundational unit. It is through the family that persons are socialize, that is to learn social skills so that they might be properly prepared to function well in society.The sad diminished familial situation had directly resulted in many social problems in our society. These problems include low academic performance, violation of the nation’s laws, low levels of ambition and long term planning amongst young people. † In my opinio n, the social problems are mainly because of how some parents are raising their children. Inside the homes, some parents may not take time to spend with their children, show no kinds of love towards them, treat the aggressively and with all of this being done can lead to the child being a pest to the Bahamian society.6. How do you think the family can help to combat the social problems of today?The family can help to combat social problems today by being responsible enough to raise their children properly. Parents should pay close attention to the problems that are going on today and realize that because of the poor teachings about being a good citizen are leading to the many problems today. Pastor Gil says that â€Å" the family can help to combat the social problems of today by seeking to remain together as husband and wife while raising godly children in the fear and admonition of God. The parents are to be an example to the children of godliness and they should as a result foll ow their example.When more families decide to take on this purpose, the social problems of today will be decreased over time. Wanting to know more on what someone else thought we could do to combat social problems, I again question Rev. Stubbs on his point of view. He said that â€Å"Socialization through transference of excellent values like self- respect, respect for others, respect for law and order, promotion of Christina spirituality, promotion of education and industry are key ways Bahamian families can help to combat social problems in the Bahamas.7. Assess the role the church plays in creating a good familyBefore we can answer the question, we must first understand what is a church. A church is said to be a place that we can go and give thanks and praise to the almighty God. We can also go to the church for weddings, funerals, help with funds, and family crisis. The church plays a very big role in creating a good family. Pastor Gil says that â€Å" the church plays a funda mental role in creating a good family.The church is the pillar , ground of truth and the place where the family ought to go to receive biblical preaching and instructions that will help them to grow together into becoming a family that is pleasing to the Lord. It will train fathers to lead, wives to submit to the husbands in the Lord, and for children to obey their parents. The church is important because the teaching of God’s Word will help the family to be what it ought to become in the sight of God so that it will be functioning and the possibility of it producing social problems is decreased.

buy custom Computer Games essay

buy custom Computer Games essay Over the years, technology has evolved a great deal forcing us to go along with it. Times when forms of entertainment were limited to sports, reading, listening to music or watching television are slowly being replaced by a new generation of computer and video games. These are a special form of entertainment, since they allow players to be a part of the game. Players get the chance to be characters they want to be. A lot of young people today find playing computer and video games as a normal part of the day (Gikow, 2009). Todays refined games involve players to participate actively in the game rather than passively like watching a movie. This has both positive and negative effects on children. In this investigative research, I will look at the negative influence of computer games on the children today and the misleading educational claims by the manufactures. I will focus my research on one of the most popular computer games; Computer Games Definition Computer games also called PC are games that are played on personal computer and are created by game designers often aided by specialists known as game artists. They are then published and circulated in CDs, DVDs or Internet downloadable (Gladwell, 2000). Educational Programming Educational programming is a program printed by the ministry of education that regulates the learning progress of every subject in all steps of formal education. They can be created in graphics so as to attract the children. They are intended to teach children basic programming in an interesting and involving manner. In order to enhance educational programming, various legislations need to be applied, to ensure streamline learning. Legislation can be defined as an enacted law by either a governing body or the legislature. In education, several legislation gives guidance to the learning programs, for example, FCC Guidelines 1996 and the Childrens Television Act of 1990 among others (Gikow, 2009). The Childrens Television Act of 1990 was enacted by the Federal Communications Commission, and requires every full-time television station that offered television programming for kids in the United States to provide education and information to children throughout its programming (Gladwell, 2 000). On other hand, the FCC Guidelines 1996 provide mandate to the transmitting sites in the United States to meet obligatory regulations. However, even though there are various legislations, which control education programming, there are various manufactures that provide misleading games to the children. As a result, it became very difficult for education programs to control these wrongdoing activities. Sesame Workshop Sesame Workshop is a global American non-profit organization that produces education programs, which are very vital to the children. Lloyd Morrisett and Joan Ganz Cooney founded this organization in 1960, and since its commencement, it has been providing updated series of education programs to children. These programs have been widely accepted in the United States and around the globe. The main objectives of Sesame Workshop are to provide children with the reasoning skills, emotional skills and pre-reading skills among others. All of these are intended to create a favorable leaning environment and to enable smooth childrens education programs. Criticisms of Sesame Street A lot of educators have criticized the Sesame Workshop by saying that its format will stimulate to shortening childrens attention spans. This criticism has existed in more than forty years. Other criticism claims that it can distort expectation for learning by coming with distinct education programs from the legislature programs. In addition, there is other criticism that claims that Sesame Workshop cannot work autonomously without an aid of a teacher. This means that a child cannot rely on Sesame Workshop alone, he/she must look for teacher guidance (Gikow, 2009). LeapPad Leapster Explorer Learning Game LeapPad leapster Explorer Game is a game that claims to focus on the mathematics skills of a player by asking him to think his way out of danger using geometry, fractions and decimals. It is suggested to be suitable for children over six years (Gladwell, 2000). Educational Claims Help students sharpen the skills they need for a lifetime of learning In addition, the Leapster Explorer handheld adapts to individual needs and uses dynamic leveling to ensure students are challenged at their own pace. The individualized learning and highly engaging environment facilitate independent learning to help all students reach their potential. The Leapster Explorer Grade Level Mobile Learning Centers make it easy to add this age-appropriate, screen-based technology to the classroom. By combining learning games with state-of-the-art graphics and favorite characters, the centers spark motivation and ongoing engagement as students work their way through math, spelling, reading, social science and critical-thinking curricula. A game called Blues Clues claims to challenge and bring self esteem to preschoolers. How do I Verify Claims? Involve Experts-There are people who have studied and know a lot about computer games. One way of finding out if the claims are true is to ask them and find out what they have to say. Targeted viewer-Who is this particular game aimed for?By finding out who the manufacturer had in mind when he invented the game, then it is easier to see if the claims work on the target consumer. Realistic Curriculum-This is to see if what the computer game is claiming to teach the consumer can be used relate to the realistically in school, and may be help the player with his school work. Negative attributes-Another way of verifying the educational claims is to see the other side to the claims and how they affect the player. For example, in the process of learning a player can pick up bad attributes, such as bad language and violence among others. Side effects-Research has shown that children who spend a lot of time playing computer games may develop some health complications. Research Study Study conducted by Anderson Dill (2000) shows that students who concentrate more on computer and video games tend to neglect both their academic and social life. They spend more time indoors other than doing some other activities like homework, sports, or even interacting with the family. They build their own fantasy world and sometime they cant differentiate between fantasy and reality.According to Anderson Bushman (2001), Children who play a lot of games that contain violence are have a high possibility of having aggressive views, feelings, and actions, and are left out in social activity (Gikow, 2009). A scientific study revealed that the effect of violence in video games in children is made worse by the games interactive nature.A lot of games reward the player for being extra violent.Violence is repeated a lot in those games, the child being fully in control of it. There is shooting, stabbing and blood spattering all over which gives the player an adrenaline rushes of excitement. Conclusion Even though playing computer games is greatly applaud for bombarding the children with the ability to learn different aspects of life, parents should guide their children in these games. The parents should make available other entertainment options to prevent these kids from computer games addiction. For instance, reading books, interacting with family members and friends, and watching relevant TV programs are some of the best complements to playing computer games. Parents should also limit the amount of time children spend on playing computer games and apply computer game ratings to control the content of the games the children can access. Buy custom Computer Games essay

Microsoft Word Tips Adding and Removing Watermarks

Microsoft Word Tips Adding and Removing Watermarks Microsoft Word Tips: Adding and Removing Watermarks Watermarks are faint images or words that sit behind the text in a document. There are many reasons you may need to use a watermark, especially in the business and professional publishing worlds. In this post, we’re looking at how to use watermarks in Microsoft Word. Why Use a Watermark? The most common uses of watermarks are to prevent an image being copied without permission or to show the status of a document. Here, we will focus on their use in written documents. Common cases where a watermark may be used in a document include: Using a â€Å"DRAFT† watermark for a work in progress Using a â€Å"CONFIDENTIAL† watermark for a document that contains sensitive information Adding a company logo to the background of each page in a document The faded writing would usually appear behind the text of your document. We will explain how this works in practice below. Adding a Watermark Microsoft Word offers a range of default text watermarks. These are categorized as follows: Confidential (e.g., â€Å"CONFIDENTIAL† and â€Å"DO NOT COPY†) Disclaimers (e.g., â€Å"DRAFT† and â€Å"SAMPLE†) Urgent (e.g., â€Å"ASAP† and â€Å"URGENT†) You can add one of these to your document by: Going to the Design Page Background on the main ribbon Clicking Watermark to open a dropdown menu Selecting a watermark from the options available Adding a watermark. This will add the selected watermark to every page. You cannot add a watermark to just part of a document. If you want to add an image to the background of specific pages in a document, you will need to insert the image and then use the wrapping and image formatting options. Removing a Watermark Removing a watermark from a document is very simple. All you need to do is: Go to Design Page Background Click Watermark Select Remove Watermark This will remove the current watermark from throughout the document. Removing a watermark. Custom Watermarks Finally, you can also add a custom watermark to a document if none of the default options are suitable. To do this, go to Design Page Background Watermark and select Custom Watermark. Custom watermark options. This will open a new window, offering two main options: Picture watermark – Here, you can select an image to use as a watermark (e.g., a company logo), the size the image will appear on the page, and how faded it should be (the Washout option). Text watermark – In this case, you will find options to control what the watermark says, as well as the font, size, color, transparency, and angle of the text. Once you have selected a watermark, simply click OK or Apply to add it to your document.

Criminalology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminalology - Essay Example Institutional violence is a chaotic incidence that results in physical or mental injuries. In this case, the violence culminates into suffering, loss and body harm. There are five main types of institutional violence. Intrapersonal violence occurs when a person decides to harm himself /herself. In this case, the occurrence is referred to as suicide or self mutilation. People commit suicide through poisoning, hanging or drowning among other forms of suicide. Interpersonal violence takes place between two persons. In this case, a person causes body harm to another one in cases such as rape, sexual assault and psychological attach among others. Gang violence is usually perpetrated by a group of organized criminals or a gang. In this case, the gang organizes attack on a person or a group of persons. The gang is usually formally organized or loosely attached to each other to commit a crime. Organized attack is perpetrated by a group of well organized attackers to the prison staff. Lastly, institutional violence is the attack done by the prison staff to the offender. In this case, the prisoners are sexually, emotionally and sexually attacked by the prison wardens. The rehabilitation program must have clear and concise objectives. In this case, objectives to be achieved must be clearly stipulated and communicated to both the facilitator and the prisoners. At the beginning of the rehabilitation classes, the facilitator should take sufficient time to explain to the prisoners the specific steps that they need to have achieved by the end of a specified period. In this case, the goals need to be reasonably figural to help the learner realize how much they have achieved and how much is yet to be done. In addition, these goals require to be based on clear theories or concepts. As such, the goals must be drawn for extensive research conducted by reputable

The Labor Force in Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Labor Force in Dubai - Essay Example The increase will help somewhat, but with rising prices in Dubai, it may not cover medical needs by May when it goes into effect. His mother has cataracts and also needs knee surgery. His grandmother has a large tumor in her stomach and needs immediate surgery. He is recuperating from a hernia operation.   In the spring of last year, construction workers in Dubai protested low salaries and mistreatment by stopping work after publication of a US-based Human Rights Watch (HRW) report that called treatment of underpaid private workers from India, Pakistan, China, and other Asian countries as â€Å"less than human† (Jones, para. 7). The incident erupted with extensive damage done to the Emaar Properties’ Burj Dubai tower, expected to be the world’s tallest building when completed in 2008. Damages were estimated at more than Dh3 million. With lack of social support for expatriate workers, according to Jones, HRW has urged the government to help fund and create indep endent bodies to improve conditions. The labor minister said that a new labor law and other measures were already improving conditions for immigrant workers. According to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. How has employer or government attempted to address problem?The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay.... ording to Jones, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) recommends immediate application of the law to insure that any restrictions on the fundamental rights of workers in the Emirate are removed. 2) How has employer or government attempted to address problem The increase in minimum wage applies only to government workers, and construction workers do not receive overtime pay. Although the problem under discussion in this essay is related to low income, the inability of such workers to meet basic needs leads to inadequate housing, health care expenses, and lack of education, keeping workers at a poverty level. The economy in the United Arab Emirate (UAE) shows rising inflation in the future (Ministry of Economy), according to a recent Economic Bulletin published by the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI). The cost of living for the expatriate labor force has risen significantly, which reduces the appeal of the UAE as a lucrative labor market. Close monitoring of economic performance by the UAE government as well as continuing upgrade of local laws and regulations are expected to offset serious damages in any of the sectors. However, to compete as a major manufacturing center, the DCCI report calls for "an adequate infrastructure , high human capital base with innovative attitudes, legal and physical access to markets, and a favorable exchange-rate regime" (Ministry of Labour, para. 7). At present, only the infrastructure appears to be in place with the other factors lacking. One important issue in the development of a stable work force is education. Although an effort is being made to build up the education system, results will not be immediate. The Ministry of Labour of the UAE declared the following minimum monthly salaries for